Cameroonian ruler Paul Biya’s surprise decision to free hundreds of detained opponents after a stinging crackdown on separatists is seen by some experts as a way to ease tensions but short of a major policy shift.

Main opposition leader Maurice Kamto walked free from jail Saturday after a military court ordered his release at the behest of Biya, who has firmly ruled the west African country for nearly 37 years.

The conciliatory gesture comes as the president faces a number of domestic crises, including a two-year secession drive by anglophone separatists which has claimed some 3,000 lives, and international criticism over political freedoms.

He also ordered talks last week on the crisis in the Francophone country’s two English-speaking regions which ended with a proposal to give them more autonomy.

The announcements “surprised everybody”, said political analyst Stephane Akoa, adding: “Why now… when for three years Mr Biya has been toeing a hard line?”

Even up until August, the government cracked the whip, sentencing separatist leader Julius Ayuk Tabe to life in a high security prison in the capital Yaounde.

But on September 10, the government announced a five-day “national dialogue” aimed at ending the anglophone crisis.

Held last week, it was shunned by the majority of separatist leaders but ended with a proposal for more autonomy for the two regions — home to most of the country’s anglophones, who account for about a fifth of the country’s 24 million population that is overwhelmingly French-speaking.

“In terms of public relations, the dialogue was a success for the government which gave the impression of completely changing its strategy,” said Akoa.

“However, it’s not clear if it’s going to settle many things. It’s hardly likely that these measures will reassure those who have taken up arms against Yaounde.”

The anglophones complain of discrimination and marginalisation, especially in education, the judiciary and economic opportunities.

“This doesn’t correspond to the expectations of the majority of anglophones who want federalism at the least,” said Cindy Morillas from the French research centre Les Afriques dans le monde (Africa In the World).

– International pressure –

Morillas said that Biya reacted to international pressure “as well as from domestic civil society and he just had to move.”

Since the start of the year, the US, European Union and even France had been pressuring Biya to assume a softer approach in dealing with separatists and calling for Kamto’s release.

Kamto, 65, was arrested in late January after months of peaceful opposition protests over the results of an October 2018 presidential election in which he came in second.

More than 100 people in detention are also now set for release “if they have not been detained for anything else”, the military court said.

The move drew immediate applause.

UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres said in a statement that he “encourages the Cameroonian authorities to continue to adopt further confidence-building and reconciliation measures”.

The United States called it a constructive step towards easing political tensions, while Amnesty International hailed it as “a welcome step towards ending the long repression of dissenting voices in Cameroon”.

But the organisation also called on authorities to “go further by releasing all other individuals arbitrarily detained for having exercised their right to freedom of expression and peaceful assembly”.

Morillas said the measures were slightly “grandiloquent” but underscored that they “were a small step forward.”

Cameroonian newspapers were divided on Monday on what it spelt for the future.

The pro-government Cameroon Insider daily spoke of “The entire Nation in Peace Mode” while the Mutations newspaper tempered the titled with the question “Resolutions… and then?”

Source: AFP

Vice President Dabney Yerima has reportedly endorsed a proposal from an Ambazonia German think tank to heal the existing inter-Southern Cameroons division and achieve unity.

Cameroon Concord News has not been able to confirm the correctness of this developing story. But what we do know is that the Ambazonian Vice President has held meetings with many Southern Cameroons frontline leaders including Cho Ayaba.

In his most recent address to the people of Southern Cameroons, Vice President Dabney Yerima said he had received a policy document from the leader, President Sisiku Ayuk Tabe advocating a national vision that will put an end to the current rift among Southern Cameroons liberation movements.

The Communications Department of the Ambazonia Interim Government has also affirmed that members of cabinet and county heads both at home and abroad will be studying the German think tank proposal soonest.

Our chief European correspondent who contributed to this report expressed hope and opined that Vice President Dabney Yerim and the cabinet should take into consideration the dangers and challenges surrounding the Southern Cameroons struggle and give a green light of approval of the initiative and make it succeed.

By Soter Tarh Agbaw-Ebai

Cameroon’s president Paul Biya on Friday praised this week’s national dialogue, saying a series of recommendations had been published, including the equality of English and French speakers, giving greater autonomy to the provinces and offering amnesty to fighters who down arms.

The dialogue “afforded you the opportunity to reaffirm once more your attachment to peace and concord in your country,” Biya said in a tweet addressing the people. “I would like to congratulate and thank you very sincerely for that.”

The government hoped that the talks, which closed on Friday, would open the door to a historic peace agreement, ending a fight between the army and English-speaking militias seeking to form a breakaway state called Ambazonia.

The conflict has cost nearly 2,000 lives, forced half a million people to flee and presented President Paul Biya with his biggest threat in nearly 40 years of rule.

What did the government offer?

Biya, who is 86 years old, said on Tuesday that he would drop charges against 333 prisoners held in relation to the crisis, but the move failed to appease separatists and moderates alike who say that thousands more remain imprisoned on trumped-up charges.

On Thursday, delegates at the Grand Dialogue recommended the adoption of a “special status” for the two regions where most of the country’s English-speaking minority (16%) live.

The special status, if approved by the central government, would grant them greater financial autonomy, the possibility of electing their local governors previously appointed by the executive, and the restoration of a house of traditional chiefs in these two regions.

The prime minister, Joseph Dion Ngut, who chaired the dialogue, described it as “a success (…) because it found interesting and permanent solutions to the problems most Cameroonians” were raising.

Several moderate Anglophones, in favour of a return to federalism and not in favour of the secession demanded by the radical ones, cautiously effectively welcomed the recommendation.

“This special status is just a first step towards finding a permanent solution to this crisis”, the famous Anglophone human rights lawyer Felix Agbor Nkongho told the AFP. 

Its application, which requires a constitutional amendment, “could have a strong symbolic value in the minds and attitudes of those who wanted a return to federalism,” says Cameroonian researcher Edouard Epiphane Yogo of the Bureau des Etudes Stratégiques in Yaoundé. 

“It would be a victory for those who absolutely wanted federalism, and a victory for those who wanted decentralization,” he says.

Critics say it is ‘not enough’

However, “the war is not over,” says English-speaking activist Ayah Ayah Ayah Abine, who believes that “only negotiation between the two sides can put an end to the war. 

“After the thousands of lives wasted by the radicalization of both sides, something really special would be needed to end this conflict,” he added, arguing that Yaoundé‘s proposed status for the English-speaking regions is “only a combination of words that does not cover anything specific.

The dialogue was boycotted by key leaders of the separatist movement.

“The inhabitants of Ambazonia do not need a special status. We are not part of Cameroon,” Ebenezer Akwanga, leader of one of the separatist armed groups told AFP.

“Ambazonia is marching towards freedom and nothing can stop us,” he added.

For Chris Anu, the independence leader, this proposed special status is almost an insult:

“Do they suggest that we are a handicap?”, he asks, before asserting: “Nothing less than total independence for the people of the Southern Cameroons (another name for the English-speaking state wanted by the independentists), and there is no way to discuss it”.

Critics say the talks this week were not inclusive and did not involve any discussion about a return to federalism that many say is the solution to the conflict.

“Cameroon is a joke,” said Cho Ayaba, a leading member of the Ambazonian Governing Council. “Let me be absolutely clear: no Ambazonian is and will be part of Cameroon’s charade.”

Former opposition presidential candidate Akere Muna was told at the talks that the people allowed to speak at one session had already been identified and that he would not be able to participate.

“I said to myself, but that’s not a dialogue,” Muna told Reuters. “It’s a show and I’m a spectator. I left.”

Roots of the conflict

The roots of their grievances go back a century to the League of Nations’ decision to split the former German colony of Kamerun between the allied French and British victors at the end of World War One.

For 10 years after the French- and English-speaking regions joined together in 1961, the country was a federation in which the Anglophone regions largely governed themselves. Biya’s centralisation push after he came to power in 1982 quickly eroded any remaining Anglophone autonomy.

The insurgency emerged after a heavy-handed government crackdown on peaceful protests late in 2016 in the Anglophone Northwest and Southwest regions by lawyers and teachers who complained of being marginalised by the French-speaking majority.

Within months of the initial 2016 protests, newly-formed armed groups were attacking army posts in the Anglophone regions. The army responded by burning down villages and shooting civilians.

Once vibrant cities, including the technology hub of Buea, have turned into ghost towns. Most schools have closed; villages have emptied out as people flee into Nigeria.

Separatists entrenched in the mountainous west say they will only come to the table if the government releases all political prisoners, including 10 leaders who were sentenced in August to life in prison on terrorism charges, and withdraws the military from the two English-speaking regions.

“When we want to bring peace, it is generally the symbols that count, the symbol is not the number” of detainees released “but rather the quality” of those who are released,” warns Yogo.

Source: Agencies

Life in Cameroon’s two English-speaking provinces has been brought to a standstill by three years of conflict, which has cost about 3,000 lives and forced 500,000 from their homes.

The dispute had been simmering for decades, but boiled over in 2016, when teachers and lawyers started to protest against the use of French in schools and courts.

The government in the majority French-speaking country responded with lethal force, provoking rebels to declare independence for the region they call “Ambazonia”, which in turn led to an even stronger military crackdown.

In an attempt to end the crisis, President Paul Biya called for talks, dubbed the National Dialogue, this week.

Some were encouraged by this, but others dismissed it as a sham. So what has it achieved?

The National Dialogue made a series of proposals:

• the adoption of a special status for the two Anglophone regions
• the restoration of the House of Traditional Chiefs
• the election of local governors
• the immediate relaunch of certain airport and seaport projects in the two regions
• the rapid integration of ex-combatants into society
• the name of the country be returned to former name, the United Republic of Cameroon
• implement the law that government officials declare their assets, in order to tackle corruption

Why do these proposals matter?

A return to the name United Republic of Cameroon is significant as it would go some way towards recognising the different histories of the different parts of the country.

At independence, the Southern Cameroons (colonised by Britain) voted in a UN-organised plebiscite to be united with the Republic of Cameroon (formerly colonised by France).

The new country the two entities created was called the Federal Republic of Cameroon. But the federation was scrapped in 1972 in a controversial referendum, giving rise to the United Republic of Cameroon.

“It is the abolition of this federal structure that lies at the core of the Anglophone problem,” opposition leader John Fru Ndi told the BBC.

In 1984, President Paul Biya worsened the situation by scrapping the word “united” from the name of the country, and it became known simply as the Republic of Cameroon, which was the same name given at independence to the part of Cameroon colonised by France.

“What that meant was that the Anglophone entity had been annexed,” Mr Fru Ndi said.

What difference would they make?

A return to the United Republic of Cameroon has been welcomed, although Mr Fru Ndi would have preferred a return to a federal system of government.

The prospect of electing local governors has also been welcomed by many. Jean Emmanuel Pondi, a professor of political science, told the BBC that “for Anglophones, it is a return to normalcy”.

He said that locally elected officials would mean decisions being taken closer to the people.

“It used to be an administration of proximity where things are done by the people, for the people, and in the right moment,” Prof Pondi said.

“The problem with the centralisation of power is precisely that things are done miles and miles away, by people who have no idea of the consequences of the decisions they are taking.”

He said giving more autonomy to the regions would also “accelerate their dimension of good governance, because you have to be accountable immediately, or else, you are not elected”.

The proposals will be forwarded to President Biya, with the expectation that he will order them to be implemented.

Cameroon – still divided along colonial lines:

• Colonised by Germany in 1884
• British and French troops force Germans to leave in 1916
• Cameroon is split three years later – 80% goes to the French and 20% to the British
• French-run Cameroon becomes independent in 1960
• Following a referendum, the (British) Southern Cameroons join Cameroon, while Northern Cameroons join English-speaking Nigeria

What has the reaction been?

Opinion has been sharply divided.

Backers like Elvis Ngolle Ngolle, a senior figure with the ruling party, thinks that it is a “decisive step in the right direction”.

“It will enhance participatory development across the country,” he told the BBC.

“We believe that these proposals will calm down minds and restore peace.”

But Akere Muna, a political leader and former Cameroon representative of Transparency International, walked out of the talks in protest over what he said were attempts to stifle debate.

“Speakers were pre-arranged. You couldn’t even ask a question. It was stage-managed. So they were actually looking for spectators, not participants,” Mr Muna told the BBC.

Noting that the debate in the two English-speaking regions was about “secession and separation,” he questioned why there was no commission to examine those alternatives.

“So, I thought that the prescription had nothing to do with the illness,” he said.

On Thursday, in what appeared to be a goodwill gesture President Biya ordered all charges dropped against more than 300 people detained in connection with the Anglophone crisis.

But the decision failed to appease critics who say thousands more are locked up on trumped-up charges.

What do the separatists say?

They have pledged to keep fighting until “Ambazonia is freed”.

Ivo Tapang, a spokesman for 13 armed groups called the Contender Forces of Ambazonia, has made it clear that the concessions made so far are not enough to deter them from their fight for freedom.

“We will not accept an olive branch from someone whose troops are still in our territory,” he said. “We will intensify our struggle with guns and bullets.”

Source: BBC

Cameroon’s President Paul Biya on Friday announced that he had ordered prosecutions to be dropped against “some” opposition leaders, including a number from the main Movement for the Rebirth of Cameroon (MRC) led by his jailed rival by Maurice Kamto.

“I have decided to stop legal proceedings against some leaders and campaigners of political parties, including the MRC, arrested and detained for acts committed in contesting the results of the recent presidential elections,” he said on his official Twitter account.

Kamto, Cameroon’s main opposition leader who unsuccessfully claimed victory in last year’s poll, went on trial with 88 others in a military court in September on insurrection, hostility to the motherland and rebellion charges — crimes which could carry the death penalty. Their trial is scheduled for October 8.

Source: AFP

The government of La Republique du Cameroun will, in the days ahead, create a ministry of special status to take care of the people of Southern Cameroons.

The government came to the conclusion that Southern Cameroonians were good enough to deserve a special status during the Major National Dialogue considered by Southern Cameroonians as a Major National Potluck, as it made it possible for all the country’s dishes to be served to participants at the hastily convened dialogue.

The dialogue, which is akin to the Berlin Conference, took place without the major Southern Cameroons stakeholders participating.

To ensure Southern Cameroonian journalists and activists who are critical of the government do not participate in the event, the government refused to grant general amnesty to Southern Cameroonians living abroad.

Though it offered invitations to many of the activists, the government also had an elaborate plan to arrest the activists upon arrival at country’s airports; a plan that had leaked to many activists who simply turned down the government’s invitation.

After three days of long and unnecessary deliberations, the government agents who attended the event totted by them as the idle opportunity that will bring peace to the two restive regions of the country, recommended that granting special status to Southern Cameroonians will be the ultimate solution to the crisis that is threatening to tear the country apart.

Many Southern Cameroonians are totally against the so-called special status that only emphasizes that Southern Cameroonians are inferior to their East Cameroonian counterparts.

Speaking to a disgruntled and frustrated Southern Cameroonian living in California, USA, it could be seen that he was really infuriated.

He swore that the fighting would continue until the government listened to the people.

“We still have a huge stomach for a fight. We will continue to challenge the system until we get what we want. We do not need to be treated any differently. We have the resources to take care of our two regions. A full-fledged federal system is what we want. Anything short of that will only cause things to deteriorate,” he said.

“If Mr. Biya and his people think we are joking, then they are mistaken. It is three years since some of Mr. Biya’s collaborators compared us to two cubes of sugar. Instead melting, we have been solidified and we have stood our ground. We have a huge war chest and we are still determined to take on the government. These guys thought they could roll us back in a week, but it is already three years and we are still around,” he stressed.

“We continue to be a nightmare to the Yaounde government. If they think they are doing us a favor, then they have to think hard again. This situation will continue until the government is brought down to its knees,” he stressed.

“We cannot lose all these men just to settle for the mess they call special status. The guys in Yaounde give the impression that they have not been affected by the crisis, but given the state of the country’s economy, it is clear that Southern Cameroonians have inflicted heavy losses on the beleaguered government,” he pointed out.

“CDC, PAMOL and SONARA are all out of business. These were huge revenue streams for the government, but Southern Cameroonians who have never benefitted from those companies have turned off those taps that made the government arrogant. Rebuilding those corporations will take more than money. There cannot be any real development without peace and if the government wants to bring back peace to the country, then it must meet Southern Cameroonians halfway,” he said.

“The government has made some huge mistakes and those mistakes are keeping it awake all night. Now that arms are in the equation, it will be hard for the fighters to be rolled back. The fighters now have AK47 rifles. They started with hunting rifles and they have been courageous to frustrate the government. If the government really wants to clean up the mess it helped to create, it must make huge concessions. It must bend over backwards to achieve that goal,” he stressed.

“The ball is now in the president’s court. He created the mess. He is a low-energy guy and his inefficiency and the corruption he sowed in the country are finally coming back to bite him. He declared war on us without analyzing the situation. Though we have lost many of our fighters, we have succeeded to give the government a run for its money. Cameroon will never be the same again. It has changed and will continue to change. The authorities must come to terms with that if they must have a good night’s sleep. I pray they see the writing on the wall,” he concluded.